private company / nonprofit-controlled structure
OpenAI
Industry Software
An AI company with a nonprofit-controlled corporate structure selling models, APIs, and ChatGPT, with concentrated governance, safety, labor, and platform-power questions. OpenAI remains weak because of person-dependent governance, documented human harm, and ecological harm, even where the product or service has practical value.
Why this matters: AI infrastructure can become civic infrastructure before accountability structures mature.
Letter grade D Extractive Medium confidence (AI) Rubric gcd-rubric-v1
* Tentative scaffolding score. Not human-checked or final.
OpenAI receives the Private Government badge because it combines large-scale private rule-setting over customers, workers, users, members, or counterparties with OpenLobby-documented lobbying of about $680K on public policy issues.
Evidence: [16]
Request verification to have the evidence record checked against primary materials and organization-supplied documents. Verification does not buy a higher score; scores change only when review finds factual errors, omissions, or miscalibration.
Evaluation Overview
D - Extractive
The score turns mainly on Extraction, with the largest penalty coming from Reversibility.
Strengths
- Extraction4/10
- Ownership3/10
- Governance3/10
Penalties
- Reversibility-5
- Policy Capture-5
- Human Harm-4
- Ecological Harm-4
Evidence state
- ConfidenceMedium confidence (AI)
- ThoroughnessDeveloped (AI)
- Linked claims16
- Direct axis claims15
- Coverage15/15
Scoring Axes
| Axis | Score | Why this score |
|---|---|---|
Ownership
?
Control rights: shareholder-dominated at 0, worker cooperative control
at 10.
|
3 / 10 |
OpenAI describes a for-profit business structure governed and controlled by the nonprofit OpenAI Foundation, with ongoing recapitalization into a public benefit corporation structure. Linked evidence
|
Governance
?
Binding decision authority: centralized control at 0, democratic
stakeholder control at 10.
|
3 / 10 |
OpenAI describes a for-profit business structure governed and controlled by the nonprofit OpenAI Foundation, with ongoing recapitalization into a public benefit corporation structure. Linked evidence
|
Extraction
?
Surplus allocation, wage share, CEO pay ratio, margins, and structured
extraction judgment.
|
4 / 10 |
OpenAI describes a for-profit business structure governed and controlled by the nonprofit OpenAI Foundation, with ongoing recapitalization into a public benefit corporation structure. Linked evidence
|
Labor Sovereignty
?
Worker power: coercive conditions at 0, co-determination or ownership at
7. Employee dissatisfaction matters only when source-backed evidence
shows concrete limits on worker agency, such as coercive scheduling,
retaliation, wage theft, harassment, unsafe conditions, suppression of
worker voice, or extreme turnover.
|
3 / 7 |
OpenAI describes a for-profit business structure governed and controlled by the nonprofit OpenAI Foundation, with ongoing recapitalization into a public benefit corporation structure. Linked evidence
|
Solidarity with the
Unemployed
?
Treatment of exits and nonworkers, including severance, redeployment,
and non-competes.
|
3 / 7 |
OpenAI describes a for-profit business structure governed and controlled by the nonprofit OpenAI Foundation, with ongoing recapitalization into a public benefit corporation structure. Linked evidence
|
Loss-Bearing Fidelity
?
Willingness to absorb costs to preserve values, workers, users, and
public obligations.
|
3 / 7 |
OpenAI describes a for-profit business structure governed and controlled by the nonprofit OpenAI Foundation, with ongoing recapitalization into a public benefit corporation structure. Linked evidence
|
Market Conduct
?
Pricing fairness, switching costs, lock-in, and rent extraction.
|
2 / 5 |
OpenAI and Microsoft disclose a strategic partnership and commercial cloud relationship around OpenAI models and infrastructure. Linked evidence
|
Product Integrity
?
Preservation of quality rather than degradation for monetization.
|
3 / 5 |
OpenAI publishes a charter stating that its mission is to ensure artificial general intelligence benefits all of humanity. Linked evidence
|
Scale Integrity
?
Whether growth improves or degrades fairness and accountability.
|
3 / 5 |
OpenAI and Microsoft disclose a strategic partnership and commercial cloud relationship around OpenAI models and infrastructure. Linked evidence
|
Penalties
| Penalty | Applied | Why this penalty |
|---|---|---|
Reversibility
?
Applied when positive conduct depends on current living leaders,
founders, family owners, or other person-contingent governance rather
than durable structure. Range: -5 to 0.
|
-5 |
OpenAI's favorable conduct depends partly on current leaders, founders, family owners, executive discretion, or other person-contingent control rather than a fully locked democratic stakeholder-control structure. Linked evidence
|
Human Harm
?
Severity, scale, culpability, vulnerable targets, willful reoffense,
reputation laundering, pattern escalation, and time decay. Range: -20 to
0.
|
-4 |
Multiple lawsuits reported in 2025-2026 allege severe self-harm or violence linked to ChatGPT interactions; these remain allegations, so the penalty is material but below adjudicated severe-harm anchors. Linked evidence
|
Ecological Harm
?
Footprint, trajectory, irreversibility, culpability, and scale,
including whether ecological harm is central to the model and continued
after credible notice. Range: -30 to 0.
|
-4 |
OpenAI's products depend on large-scale AI compute; OpenAI Academy materials discuss environmental impacts of AI, including energy and efficiency questions, describes conduct considered under Ecological Harm. Linked evidence
|
Policy Capture
?
Private-interest attempts to bend law, regulation, subsidies, taxes,
enforcement, trade, labor, safety, competition, environmental,
healthcare, housing, surveillance, civil-liberties, or consumer policy
against workers, customers, citizens, affected communities, or
ecological life. Public-interest advocacy is not penalized merely
because it is lobbying. Range: -15 to 0.
|
-5 |
OpenLobby records OPENAI lobbying on technology, science / technology, consumer product safety with about $680K in spending across 6 filings; the reviewed filings document private… Linked evidence
|
Accountability Opacity
?
Material opacity, reputation laundering, or hidden accountability
structures that prevent public accountability. Range: -2 to 0.
|
-2 |
OpenAI's nonprofit-control and restructuring debate creates a accountability-opacity penalty because public accountability depends on understanding a complex nonprofit/for-profit control structure under regulatory and civic pressure. Linked evidence
|
Ideological Disavowal
?
Concealed ideology presented as neutrality, expertise, professional
necessity, public-service administration, market inevitability, or
non-ideological common sense while exercising power. Range: -3 to 0.
|
-2 |
OpenAI's public framing is assessed as ideological-disavowal evidence because OpenAI exercises meaningful institutional or cultural power while strongly presenting contested choices as… Linked evidence
|
Bonus Credits
No bonus credits applied in this version.
Confidence Basis
Confidence Basis
Confidence is computed from the evidence trail and review state, not typed into the profile by hand.
Medium 79/100
15 verified linked claims 15 direct axis claims 0 disputed claims 15/15 components covered
This confidence label measures the source-backed evidence trail. AI-scaffolded scores remain tentative until human review.
Claim confidence 15/20
15 verified linked claims
Source quality 11/18
Best source per verified claim, weighted by institutional reliability
Direct axis-specific claims 14/18
15 direct claims across 15 active components
Dispute load 12/12
0 disputed claims on this entity
Recency 10/10
Newest accepted timestamp: May 13, 2026
Reviewer status 7/12
Human-reviewed components score higher than AI scaffolding
Component coverage 10/10
15/15 evidence-bearing components have direct support
Evidence State
Evidence State
Claims and Sources
Claims are the evidence record. Each claim needs a source link, axis category, status, confidence level, and timestamp before it can support a score.
* Tentative scaffolding score. Not human-checked or final.1OpenAI describes a for-profit business structure governed and controlled by the nonprofit OpenAI Foundation, with ongoing recapitalization into a public benefit corporation structure.
- OpenAI - Our structureGeneral web source · 58%
2OpenAI describes a for-profit business structure governed and controlled by the nonprofit OpenAI Foundation, with a complex structure that is not direct user, worker, or public ownership.
- OpenAI structureGeneral web source · 58%
3OpenAI's structure page and Microsoft partnership materials describe a commercial AI business dependent on large cloud partnership and product monetization rather than a public utility model.
- OpenAI structureGeneral web source · 58%
- Microsoft and OpenAI extend partnershipGeneral web source · 58%
4OpenAI's public structure gives employees no disclosed worker-ownership or democratic labor-control mechanism over model deployment, commercialization, or governance tradeoffs.
- OpenAI structureGeneral web source · 58%
5OpenAI's charter states a mission to benefit humanity, but the reviewed public structure does not guarantee access, bargaining power, or protection for people displaced or governed by AI systems.
- OpenAI CharterGeneral web source · 58%
- OpenAI structureGeneral web source · 58%
6OpenAI's charter acknowledges broad AGI stakes, while its commercial deployment structure leaves many model-risk, labor, education, misinformation, and environmental costs outside direct user control.
- OpenAI CharterGeneral web source · 58%
- OpenAI structureGeneral web source · 58%
7OpenAI and Microsoft disclose a strategic partnership and commercial cloud relationship around OpenAI models and infrastructure.
- Microsoft and OpenAI extend partnershipGeneral web source · 58%
8OpenAI publishes a charter stating that its mission is to ensure artificial general intelligence benefits all of humanity.
- OpenAI CharterGeneral web source · 58%
9OpenAI's frontier-AI scale and cloud partnership make its systems broadly consequential while remaining controlled through private and nonprofit corporate governance rather than democratic public infrastructure.
- OpenAI structureGeneral web source · 58%
- Microsoft and OpenAI extend partnershipGeneral web source · 58%
10OpenAI's favorable conduct depends partly on current leaders, founders, family owners, executive discretion, or other person-contingent control rather than a fully locked democratic stakeholder-control structure.
- OpenAI - Our structureGeneral web source · 58%
11Multiple lawsuits reported in 2025-2026 allege severe self-harm or violence linked to ChatGPT interactions; these remain allegations, so the penalty is material but below adjudicated severe-harm anchors.
- AP: OpenAI faces lawsuits claiming ChatGPT drove people to suicide, delusionsIndependent reporting · 82%
- CNBC: OpenAI plans ChatGPT changes after lawsuitGeneral web source · 58%
12OpenAI's products depend on large-scale AI compute; OpenAI Academy materials discuss environmental impacts of AI, including energy and efficiency questions, describes conduct considered under Ecological Harm.
- OpenAI Academy: Environmental Impact of AIGeneral web source · 58%
13OpenAI's nonprofit-control and restructuring debate creates a accountability-opacity penalty because public accountability depends on understanding a complex nonprofit/for-profit control structure under regulatory and civic pressure.
- OpenAI - Our structureGeneral web source · 58%
- CNBC: OpenAI says nonprofit will retain controlGeneral web source · 58%
14OpenAI's public framing is assessed as ideological-disavowal evidence because OpenAI exercises meaningful institutional or cultural power while strongly presenting contested choices as neutral expertise, safety, objectivity, professionalism, administrative necessity, or public service.
- OpenAI official siteGeneral web source · 58%
- OpenAI CharterGeneral web source · 58%
- Microsoft and OpenAI extend partnershipGeneral web source · 58%
15OpenLobby records OPENAI lobbying on technology, science / technology, consumer product safety with about $680K in spending across 6 filings; the reviewed filings document private institutional lobbying over public rules rather than a public-interest advocacy role.
- OpenLobby — OPENAI lobbying profileGeneral web source · 58%
16OpenAI receives the Private Government badge because it combines large-scale private rule-setting over customers, workers, users, members, or counterparties with OpenLobby-documented lobbying of about $680K on public policy issues.
- OpenLobby — OPENAI lobbying profileGeneral web source · 58%
Help Improve This Profile
Submit source-backed evidence or challenge a specific claim, source, axis value, or calculation below.
How This Page Is Maintained
Evidence comes in through contributors, is checked by verifiers, and is synthesized by reviewers. Founder authority remains narrow and visible; scores recalculate when verified claims or the rubric change.
Civic Note
Incorporation, limited liability, market access, and other institutional privileges are public grants. Good Companies Directory treats those privileges as conditional on accountability to workers, users, communities, and the public.
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Audit Log
Recent public changes for this company or group. The full audit log is part of the Transparency record.
Added tentative AI-generated Toxic Products penalty 0 and directory value for current toxic, addictive, pesticide, livestock, chemical, or consumer-safety product exposure.
Rechecked evidence coverage and source quality during the evaluation-quality pass; confidence now reflects direct source coverage, complexity, and remaining uncertainty rather than score direction.
Added tentative AI-generated claim-backed score components for a previously listed under-review company or group.