airline

United Airlines

A major U.S. network airline with global routes, shareholder governance, useful connectivity, and high emissions exposure from jet-fuel-dependent aviation. United Airlines remains weak because of ecological harm, person-dependent governance, and ideological disavowal, even where the product or service has practical value.

Why this matters: United helps calibrate airlines as useful but structurally carbon-intensive service providers.

Letter grade F Malignant Medium confidence (AI) Rubric gcd-rubric-v1 Last reviewed May 6, 2026

Final Score -6* F - Malignant

FMALIGNANT-6 pts

* Tentative scaffolding score. Not human-checked or final.

Base Material25

Bonus+0

Cap35Ownership <= 2 and Governance <= 2

After Cap25

Penalties-31

Private Government badge

United Airlines receives the Private Government badge because it combines large-scale private rule-setting over customers, workers, users, members, or counterparties with OpenLobby-documented lobbying of about $850K on public policy issues.

Evidence: [8]

!Not Verified

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Evaluation Overview

F - Malignant

The score turns mainly on Labor Sovereignty, with the largest penalty coming from Ecological Harm.

Strengths

Labor Sovereignty4/7
Product Integrity4/5
Solidarity with the Unemployed3/7

Penalties

Ecological Harm-12
High-Carbon Products-8
Reversibility-5
Policy Capture-5

Evidence state

ConfidenceMedium confidence (AI)
ThoroughnessPartial (AI)
Linked claims8
Direct axis claims7
Coverage7/14

Scoring Axes

Axis	Score	Why this score
Ownership ? Control rights: shareholder-dominated at 0, worker cooperative control at 10.	1 / 10	United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. That keeps United Airlines low on Ownership: decisive control remains with shareholders, private owners, executives, or state insiders rather than affected people. The value is above zero only where the linked record still shows some real function, constraint, or public value on this axis. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 12 scored entries below, 65 tied, 149 above on Ownership. Uncertainty Priority page: add more axis-specific research over time to make the comparative placement harder to dispute. Linked evidence United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. [1]
Governance ? Binding decision authority: centralized control at 0, democratic stakeholder control at 10.	2 / 10	United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 71 scored entries below, 22 tied, 133 above on Governance. Linked evidence context United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. [1] context United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline. [2]
Extraction ? Surplus allocation, wage share, CEO pay ratio, margins, and structured extraction judgment.	2 / 10	United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. That keeps United Airlines low on Extraction: the business model makes extraction from workers, users, suppliers, customers, or the public central rather than incidental. The value is above zero only where the linked record still shows some real function, constraint, or public value on this axis. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 20 scored entries below, 18 tied, 188 above on Extraction. Linked evidence context United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. [1] context United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline. [2]
Labor Sovereignty ? Worker power: coercive conditions at 0, co-determination or ownership at 7. Employee dissatisfaction matters only when source-backed evidence shows concrete limits on worker agency, such as coercive scheduling, retaliation, wage theft, harassment, unsafe conditions, suppression of worker voice, or extreme turnover.	4 / 7	United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. That places United Airlines in the middle of Labor Sovereignty: workers or participants have some protection or agency, but not enough binding power to control the relationship. The value stays below the top tier because the linked record does not show full democratic control, non-extractive lock-in, or complete stakeholder protection on this axis. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 112 scored entries below, 39 tied, 75 above on Labor Sovereignty. Linked evidence context United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. [1] context United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline. [2]
Solidarity with the Unemployed ? Treatment of exits and nonworkers, including severance, redeployment, and non-competes.	3 / 7	United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. That places United Airlines in the middle of Solidarity with the Unemployed: some access, severance, retraining, openness, or mutual-aid value is present, but it is not central or durable. The value stays below the top tier because the linked record does not show full democratic control, non-extractive lock-in, or complete stakeholder protection on this axis. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 81 scored entries below, 45 tied, 100 above on Solidarity with the Unemployed. Linked evidence context United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. [1] context United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline. [2]
Loss-Bearing Fidelity ? Willingness to absorb costs to preserve values, workers, users, and public obligations.	3 / 7	United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. That places United Airlines in the middle of Loss-Bearing Fidelity: there is some willingness to preserve obligations, but the record still leaves meaningful risk-shifting concerns. The value stays below the top tier because the linked record does not show full democratic control, non-extractive lock-in, or complete stakeholder protection on this axis. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 48 scored entries below, 39 tied, 139 above on Loss-Bearing Fidelity. Linked evidence context United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. [1] context United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline. [2]
Market Conduct ? Pricing fairness, switching costs, lock-in, and rent extraction.	3 / 5	United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. That places United Airlines in the middle of Market Conduct: the product has real value but still uses meaningful lock-in, gatekeeping, market power, or dependency. The value stays below the top tier because the linked record does not show full democratic control, non-extractive lock-in, or complete stakeholder protection on this axis. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 54 scored entries below, 51 tied, 121 above on Market Conduct. Linked evidence context United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. [1] context United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline. [2]
Product Integrity ? Preservation of quality rather than degradation for monetization.	4 / 5	United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline. United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline. That places United Airlines high on Product Integrity: the core offering is genuinely useful and comparatively less dependent on traps, degradation, or harmful dependencies. A still-higher or maximum value requires stronger proof that this structure is durable, broad, and not merely discretionary. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 61 scored entries below, 72 tied, 93 above on Product Integrity. Uncertainty Priority page: add more axis-specific research over time to make the comparative placement harder to dispute. Linked evidence United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline. [2]
Scale Integrity ? Whether growth improves or degrades fairness and accountability.	3 / 5	United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. That places United Airlines in the middle of Scale Integrity: scale brings useful reach but also weakens accountability, transparency, or local constraint. The value stays below the top tier because the linked record does not show full democratic control, non-extractive lock-in, or complete stakeholder protection on this axis. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 50 scored entries below, 58 tied, 118 above on Scale Integrity. Linked evidence context United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline. [1] context United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline. [2]

Penalties

Penalty	Applied	Why this penalty
Reversibility ? Applied when positive conduct depends on current living leaders, founders, family owners, or other person-contingent governance rather than durable structure. Range: -5 to 0.	-5	United positive conduct depends on ordinary corporate leadership, investor pressure, aviation regulation, and discretionary sustainability commitments rather than affected-worker or affected-community control. United positive conduct depends on ordinary corporate leadership, investor pressure, aviation regulation, and discretionary sustainability commitments rather than affected-worker or affected-community control. That warrants a severe Reversibility penalty because favorable conduct depends on current people or discretionary leadership rather than locked stakeholder structure. The value is near the floor because the conduct appears central, large-scale, repeated, or institutionally powerful rather than incidental. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 0 scored entries below, 95 tied, 131 above on Reversibility. Linked evidence United positive conduct depends on ordinary corporate leadership, investor pressure, aviation regulation, and discretionary sustainability commitments rather than affected-worker or affected-community control. [3]
Ecological Harm ? Footprint, trajectory, irreversibility, culpability, and scale, including whether ecological harm is central to the model and continued after credible notice. Range: -30 to 0.	-12	United corporate-impact materials describe aviation decarbonization and sustainable aviation fuel as central environmental issues, confirming material jet-fuel climate exposure. United corporate-impact materials describe aviation decarbonization and sustainable aviation fuel as central environmental issues, confirming material jet-fuel climate exposure. That warrants a severe Ecological Harm penalty because the institution causes or defends ecological damage that is more than incidental to the model. The value is near the floor because the conduct appears central, large-scale, repeated, or institutionally powerful rather than incidental. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Column-spectrum position: 6 scored entries below, 5 tied, 215 above on Ecological Harm. Linked evidence United corporate-impact materials describe aviation decarbonization and sustainable aviation fuel as central environmental issues, confirming material jet-fuel climate exposure. [4]
Policy Capture ? Private-interest attempts to bend law, regulation, subsidies, taxes, enforcement, trade, labor, safety, competition, environmental, healthcare, housing, surveillance, civil-liberties, or consumer policy against workers, customers, citizens, affected communities, or ecological life. Public-interest advocacy is not penalized merely because it is lobbying. Range: -15 to 0.	-5	OpenLobby records UNITED AIRLINES, INC. lobbying on aviation with about $850K in spending across 33 filings; the reviewed filings document private institutional lobbying over public rules rather than a public-interest advocacy role. OpenLobby records UNITED AIRLINES, INC. lobbying on aviation with about $850K in spending across 33 filings; the reviewed filings document private institutional lobbying over public rules rather than a public-interest advocacy role. That warrants a limited Policy Capture penalty because private institutional pressure is being applied to public rules while affected people cannot democratically govern that agenda. The value is limited because the linked record shows a real problem but not one that dominates the profile on this axis. Linked evidence OpenLobby records UNITED AIRLINES, INC. lobbying on aviation with about $850K in spending across 33 filings; the reviewed filings document private institutional lobbying over public rules rather than a public-interest advocacy role. [6]
High-Carbon Products ? Core products, services, financing, or supply chains that materially depend on fossil-fuel combustion, high-emissions transport, industrial animal agriculture, meat, dairy, or other unusually carbon-intensive activity. This is scored separately from general ecological harm so ordinary consumers can see carbon-intensive product exposure directly. Range: -10 to 0.	-8	Aviation is a core high-carbon service: the ordinary product is fossil-jet-fuel-dependent air travel, so the penalty is severe even where the transport service has real use value. Linked evidence United Airlines has aviation core high-carbon product exposure based on its listed business model and current profile description: A major U.S. network airline with global routes, shareholder governance, useful connectivity, and high emissions exposure from jet-fuel-dependent aviation. United Airlines remains weak because of ecological harm, person… [7]
Ideological Disavowal ? Concealed ideology presented as neutrality, expertise, professional necessity, public-service administration, market inevitability, or non-ideological common sense while exercising power. Range: -3 to 0.	-1	United Airlines's public framing is assessed as ideological-disavowal evidence because United Airlines shows bounded neutrality theater: some contested choices are softened through… United Airlines's public framing is assessed as ideological-disavowal evidence because United Airlines shows bounded neutrality theater: some contested choices are softened through expertise, public-interest, professional, market, safety, or institutional language, but the record does not show dominant concealment of standpoint. That warrants a limited Ideological Disavowal penalty because the institution presents situated, contested choices as neutrality, expertise, inevitability, safety, or common sense. The value is limited because the linked record shows a real problem but not one that dominates the profile on this axis. Calibration notes Comparative anchor: Ideological Disavowal 0 to -3 recalibration: 0 for explicit standpoint or no penalty-level neutrality theater; -1 for bounded softening of contested choices; -2 for strong neutrality theater by a powerful institution; -3 for major gatekeeping or coercive power presented as neutral, necessary, objective, or non-ideological. Uncertainty This recalibration uses public self-presentation and profile evidence; later review should add direct language-analysis evidence for high-impact institutions. Linked evidence United Airlines's public framing is assessed as ideological-disavowal evidence because United Airlines shows bounded neutrality theater: some contested choices are softened through expertise, public-interest, professional, market, safety, or institutional language, but the record does not show dominant concealment of standpoint. [5]

Bonus Credits

No bonus credits applied in this version.

Confidence Basis

Confidence is computed from the evidence trail and review state, not typed into the profile by hand.

Medium 72/100

7 verified linked claims 7 direct axis claims 0 disputed claims 7/14 components covered

This confidence label measures the source-backed evidence trail. AI-scaffolded scores remain tentative until human review.

Claim confidence 16/20

7 verified linked claims

Source quality 13/18

Best source per verified claim, weighted by institutional reliability

Direct axis-specific claims 9/18

7 direct claims across 14 active components

Dispute load 12/12

0 disputed claims on this entity

Recency 10/10

Newest accepted timestamp: May 13, 2026

Reviewer status 7/12

Human-reviewed components score higher than AI scaffolding

Component coverage 5/10

7/14 evidence-bearing components have direct support

Evidence State

Profile stateAI draft / human-pending

VerificationUnverified

ConfidenceMedium confidence (AI)

ThoroughnessPartial (AI)

Correction routeUse “Challenge this rating” for factual errors, missing counterevidence, source problems, or calculation mistakes.

Company responseCompany representatives can submit source-backed corrections; payment never changes scores or reviewer authority.

Claims and Sources

Claims are the evidence record. Each claim needs a source link, axis category, status, confidence level, and timestamp before it can support a score.

* Tentative scaffolding score. Not human-checked or final.

1United Airlines Holdings publishes investor-relations materials for a shareholder-governed public airline.

Ownership Verified High confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 6, 2026

AI scaffold

United Airlines investor relationsOfficial self-description · 68%

2United operates a large global passenger airline network that provides high-utility mobility while remaining a conventional commercial airline.

Product Integrity Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 6, 2026

AI scaffold

United Airlines aboutOfficial self-description · 68%

3United positive conduct depends on ordinary corporate leadership, investor pressure, aviation regulation, and discretionary sustainability commitments rather than affected-worker or affected-community control.

Reversibility Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 6, 2026

AI scaffold

United Airlines investor relationsOfficial self-description · 68%

4United corporate-impact materials describe aviation decarbonization and sustainable aviation fuel as central environmental issues, confirming material jet-fuel climate exposure.

Ecological Harm Verified High confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 6, 2026

AI scaffold

United environmental sustainabilityGeneral web source · 58%

5United Airlines's public framing is assessed as ideological-disavowal evidence because United Airlines shows bounded neutrality theater: some contested choices are softened through expertise, public-interest, professional, market, safety, or institutional language, but the record does not show dominant concealment of standpoint.

Ideological Disavowal Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 9, 2026

AI scaffold

United Airlines official siteGeneral web source · 58%
United Airlines investor relationsOfficial self-description · 68%
United Airlines aboutOfficial self-description · 68%

6OpenLobby records UNITED AIRLINES, INC. lobbying on aviation with about $850K in spending across 33 filings; the reviewed filings document private institutional lobbying over public rules rather than a public-interest advocacy role.

Policy Capture Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

OpenLobby — UNITED AIRLINES, INC. lobbying profileGeneral web source · 58%

7United Airlines has aviation core high-carbon product exposure based on its listed business model and current profile description: A major U.S. network airline with global routes, shareholder governance, useful connectivity, and high emissions exposure from jet-fuel-dependent aviation. United Airlines remains weak because of ecological harm, person…

High Carbon Products Verified High confidence Human-reviewed May 11, 2026

United Airlines public siteGeneral web source · 58%
EPA: Transportation Sector EmissionsPrimary public record · 100%

8United Airlines receives the Private Government badge because it combines large-scale private rule-setting over customers, workers, users, members, or counterparties with OpenLobby-documented lobbying of about $850K on public policy issues.

Private Government Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

OpenLobby — UNITED AIRLINES, INC. lobbying profileGeneral web source · 58%

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Audit Log

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May 6, 2026 at 12:00 AM UTC ai-scaffolding

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