public live-TV streaming company

Fubo

A public live-TV streaming company selling sports-heavy channel bundles, subscriptions, advertising, and streaming-TV access. Fubo is useful for cable replacement and live sports, but high monthly subscription capture, sports identity pressure, cancellation/price complexity, advertising data, and VPPA-related privacy litigation keep it low.

Why this matters: Fubo is a direct competitor to YouTube TV, Hulu + Live TV, DirecTV Stream, Sling, cable bundles, and sports subscriptions.

Letter grade F Malignant Medium confidence (AI) Rubric gcd-rubric-v1 Last reviewed May 11, 2026

Final Score -1* F - Malignant

FMALIGNANT-1 pts

* Tentative scaffolding score. Not human-checked or final.

Base Material13

Bonus+0

Cap35Ownership <= 2 and Governance <= 2

After Cap13

Penalties-14

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Evaluation Overview

F - Malignant

The score turns mainly on Product Integrity, with the largest penalty coming from Surveillance Capture.

Strengths

Product Integrity3/5
Extraction2/10
Market Conduct2/5

Penalties

Surveillance Capture-4
Subscription Capture-3
Accountability Opacity-2
Identity Capture-2

Evidence state

ConfidenceMedium confidence (AI)
ThoroughnessDeveloped (AI)
Linked claims10
Direct axis claims10
Coverage10/16

Scoring Axes

Axis	Score	Why this score
Ownership ? Control rights: shareholder-dominated at 0, worker cooperative control at 10.	1 / 10	Fubo is controlled by shareholders, private owners, or platform managers rather than by viewers, listeners, artists, creators, subscribers, or affected communities. Fubo is controlled by shareholders, private owners, or platform managers rather than by viewers, listeners, artists, creators, subscribers, or affected communities. That keeps Fubo low on Ownership: decisive control remains with shareholders, private owners, executives, or state insiders rather than affected people. The value is above zero only where the linked record still shows some real function, constraint, or public value on this axis. Linked evidence Fubo is controlled by shareholders, private owners, or platform managers rather than by viewers, listeners, artists, creators, subscribers, or affected communities. [1]
Governance ? Binding decision authority: centralized control at 0, democratic stakeholder control at 10.	1 / 10	Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. That keeps Fubo low on Governance: ordinary users, workers, customers, or affected communities cannot change the rules that govern them. The value is above zero only where the linked record still shows some real function, constraint, or public value on this axis. Linked evidence context Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. [2] context Fubo is controlled by shareholders, private owners, or platform managers rather than by viewers, listeners, artists, creators, subscribers, or affected communities. [1] context Fubo competes in streaming and attention markets where catalogs, recommendations, bundles, advertising, device placement, app stores, exclusives, and switching costs shape user choice beyond simple product quality. [3]
Extraction ? Surplus allocation, wage share, CEO pay ratio, margins, and structured extraction judgment.	2 / 10	Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. That keeps Fubo low on Extraction: the business model makes extraction from workers, users, suppliers, customers, or the public central rather than incidental. The value is above zero only where the linked record still shows some real function, constraint, or public value on this axis. Linked evidence context Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. [2] context Fubo is controlled by shareholders, private owners, or platform managers rather than by viewers, listeners, artists, creators, subscribers, or affected communities. [1] context Fubo competes in streaming and attention markets where catalogs, recommendations, bundles, advertising, device placement, app stores, exclusives, and switching costs shape user choice beyond simple product quality. [3]
Labor Sovereignty ? Worker power: coercive conditions at 0, co-determination or ownership at 7. Employee dissatisfaction matters only when source-backed evidence shows concrete limits on worker agency, such as coercive scheduling, retaliation, wage theft, harassment, unsafe conditions, suppression of worker voice, or extreme turnover.	1 / 7	Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. That keeps Fubo low on Labor Sovereignty: labor remains managerially controlled, replaceable, or exposed to coercive employment and contracting conditions. The value is above zero only where the linked record still shows some real function, constraint, or public value on this axis. Linked evidence context Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. [2] context Fubo is controlled by shareholders, private owners, or platform managers rather than by viewers, listeners, artists, creators, subscribers, or affected communities. [1] context Fubo competes in streaming and attention markets where catalogs, recommendations, bundles, advertising, device placement, app stores, exclusives, and switching costs shape user choice beyond simple product quality. [3]
Solidarity with the Unemployed ? Treatment of exits and nonworkers, including severance, redeployment, and non-competes.	1 / 7	Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. That keeps Fubo low on Solidarity with the Unemployed: the model provides little protection for people who leave, are excluded, or cannot bargain from employment. The value is above zero only where the linked record still shows some real function, constraint, or public value on this axis. Linked evidence context Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. [2] context Fubo is controlled by shareholders, private owners, or platform managers rather than by viewers, listeners, artists, creators, subscribers, or affected communities. [1] context Fubo competes in streaming and attention markets where catalogs, recommendations, bundles, advertising, device placement, app stores, exclusives, and switching costs shape user choice beyond simple product quality. [3]
Loss-Bearing Fidelity ? Willingness to absorb costs to preserve values, workers, users, and public obligations.	1 / 7	Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. That keeps Fubo low on Loss-Bearing Fidelity: losses, hazards, or adjustment costs are routinely pushed onto workers, customers, suppliers, communities, or the public. The value is above zero only where the linked record still shows some real function, constraint, or public value on this axis. Linked evidence context Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. [2] context Fubo is controlled by shareholders, private owners, or platform managers rather than by viewers, listeners, artists, creators, subscribers, or affected communities. [1] context Fubo competes in streaming and attention markets where catalogs, recommendations, bundles, advertising, device placement, app stores, exclusives, and switching costs shape user choice beyond simple product quality. [3]
Market Conduct ? Pricing fairness, switching costs, lock-in, and rent extraction.	2 / 5	Fubo competes in streaming and attention markets where catalogs, recommendations, bundles, advertising, device placement, app stores, exclusives, and switching costs shape user choice beyond simple product quality. Fubo competes in streaming and attention markets where catalogs, recommendations, bundles, advertising, device placement, app stores, exclusives, and switching costs shape user choice beyond simple product quality. That places Fubo in the middle of Market Conduct: the product has real value but still uses meaningful lock-in, gatekeeping, market power, or dependency. The value stays below the top tier because the linked record does not show full democratic control, non-extractive lock-in, or complete stakeholder protection on this axis. Linked evidence Fubo competes in streaming and attention markets where catalogs, recommendations, bundles, advertising, device placement, app stores, exclusives, and switching costs shape user choice beyond simple product quality. [3]
Product Integrity ? Preservation of quality rather than degradation for monetization.	3 / 5	Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. That places Fubo in the middle of Product Integrity: the product has real use value but is compromised by incentives, monetization, lock-in, quality degradation, or risk. The value stays below the top tier because the linked record does not show full democratic control, non-extractive lock-in, or complete stakeholder protection on this axis. Linked evidence Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. [2]
Scale Integrity ? Whether growth improves or degrades fairness and accountability.	1 / 5	Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. That keeps Fubo low on Scale Integrity: scale magnifies harm, gatekeeping, opacity, or extraction rather than disciplining it. The value is above zero only where the linked record still shows some real function, constraint, or public value on this axis. Linked evidence context Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules. [2] context Fubo is controlled by shareholders, private owners, or platform managers rather than by viewers, listeners, artists, creators, subscribers, or affected communities. [1] context Fubo competes in streaming and attention markets where catalogs, recommendations, bundles, advertising, device placement, app stores, exclusives, and switching costs shape user choice beyond simple product quality. [3]

Penalties

Penalty	Applied	Why this penalty
Ecological Harm ? Footprint, trajectory, irreversibility, culpability, and scale, including whether ecological harm is central to the model and continued after credible notice. Range: -30 to 0.	-1	Fubo carries environmental burden through data centers, network delivery, devices, advertising infrastructure, production, events, and hardware or e-waste where applicable. Fubo carries environmental burden through data centers, network delivery, devices, advertising infrastructure, production, events, and hardware or e-waste where applicable. That warrants a limited Ecological Harm penalty because the institution causes or defends ecological damage that is more than incidental to the model. The value is limited because the linked record shows a real problem but not one that dominates the profile on this axis. Linked evidence Fubo carries environmental burden through data centers, network delivery, devices, advertising infrastructure, production, events, and hardware or e-waste where applicable. [4]
Youth Capture ? Manipulative youth-directed marketing, youth-data or attention monetization, collectible/add-on traps, parasocial or identity capture, surprise mechanics, or treating young people as lower-disclosure consumers. Making useful toys or welcoming children is not itself penalized. Range: -5 to 0.	-1	Fubo reaches children, teens, or young adults through entertainment brands, music, creators, sports, animation, recommendations, fandom, or household screens. Fubo reaches children, teens, or young adults through entertainment brands, music, creators, sports, animation, recommendations, fandom, or household screens. That warrants a limited Youth Capture penalty because young people are treated as manipulable consumers, data sources, attention targets, or culture markets. The value is limited because the linked record shows a real problem but not one that dominates the profile on this axis. Linked evidence Fubo reaches children, teens, or young adults through entertainment brands, music, creators, sports, animation, recommendations, fandom, or household screens. [5]
Subscription Capture ? Manipulative recurring-payment, automatic-renewal, cancellation-friction, bundling, trial-conversion, or refund designs that profit from inertia or confusion. Range: -5 to 0.	-3	Fubo uses recurring subscriptions, bundles, free trials, cancellations, loyalty inertia, catalog exclusives, account libraries, or device/platform dependence that make exit harder than a clean one-time purchase. Fubo uses recurring subscriptions, bundles, free trials, cancellations, loyalty inertia, catalog exclusives, account libraries, or device/platform dependence that make exit harder than a clean one-time purchase. That warrants a substantial Subscription Capture penalty because recurring-payment design profits from inertia, confusion, bundling, renewal friction, or cancellation difficulty. The value is substantial but not at the floor because the linked record shows serious conduct without the strongest aggravating factors on this axis. Linked evidence Fubo uses recurring subscriptions, bundles, free trials, cancellations, loyalty inertia, catalog exclusives, account libraries, or device/platform dependence that make exit harder than a clean one-time purchase. [6]
Accountability Opacity ? Material opacity, reputation laundering, or hidden accountability structures that prevent public accountability. Range: -2 to 0.	-2	Fubo publishes terms and privacy materials, but ordinary users cannot easily compare tracking, recommendation logic, advertising uses, cancellation effects, creator payouts, bundle pricing, and catalog volatility before subscribing or watching. Fubo publishes terms and privacy materials, but ordinary users cannot easily compare tracking, recommendation logic, advertising uses, cancellation effects, creator payouts, bundle pricing, and catalog volatility before subscribing or watching. That warrants a severe Accountability Opacity penalty because material facts, risks, conflicts, ownership, or accountability information are obscured from the public. The value is near the floor because the conduct appears central, large-scale, repeated, or institutionally powerful rather than incidental. Linked evidence Fubo publishes terms and privacy materials, but ordinary users cannot easily compare tracking, recommendation logic, advertising uses, cancellation effects, creator payouts, bundle pricing, and catalog volatility before subscribing or watching. [7]
Identity Capture ? Customer pressure, employee pressure, and pervasive identity saturation. Range: -3 to 0.	-2	Fubo turns media consumption into fandom, lifestyle, taste identity, sports allegiance, youth culture, creator attachment, or brand belonging beyond ordinary entertainment choice. Fubo turns media consumption into fandom, lifestyle, taste identity, sports allegiance, youth culture, creator attachment, or brand belonging beyond ordinary entertainment choice. That warrants a substantial Identity Capture penalty because users, workers, customers, or publics are pressured into identity attachment that protects institutional power. The value is substantial but not at the floor because the linked record shows serious conduct without the strongest aggravating factors on this axis. Linked evidence Fubo turns media consumption into fandom, lifestyle, taste identity, sports allegiance, youth culture, creator attachment, or brand belonging beyond ordinary entertainment choice. [8]
Surveillance Capture ? Invasive surveillance, unreasonably non-optional tracking, facial recognition, biometric identification, or AI behavior scanning of customers, workers, bystanders, or the public. Range: -5 to 0.	-4	Fubo collects or processes viewing, listening, device, account, advertising, location, interaction, search, demographic, or preference data through streaming, apps, websites, connected TVs, or creator tools. Fubo collects or processes viewing, listening, device, account, advertising, location, interaction, search, demographic, or preference data through streaming, apps, websites, connected TVs, or creator tools. That warrants a severe Surveillance Capture penalty because customers, workers, users, bystanders, or the public are exposed to invasive tracking, biometrics, or behavior scanning. The value is near the floor because the conduct appears central, large-scale, repeated, or institutionally powerful rather than incidental. Linked evidence Fubo collects or processes viewing, listening, device, account, advertising, location, interaction, search, demographic, or preference data through streaming, apps, websites, connected TVs, or creator tools. [9]
Ideological Disavowal ? Concealed ideology presented as neutrality, expertise, professional necessity, public-service administration, market inevitability, or non-ideological common sense while exercising power. Range: -3 to 0.	-1	Fubo presents entertainment access as neutral choice while underplaying the institutional power of recommendations, catalogs, ad targeting, subscription design, creator bargaining, and attention capture. Fubo presents entertainment access as neutral choice while underplaying the institutional power of recommendations, catalogs, ad targeting, subscription design, creator bargaining, and attention capture. That warrants a limited Ideological Disavowal penalty because the institution presents situated, contested choices as neutrality, expertise, inevitability, safety, or common sense. The value is limited because the linked record shows a real problem but not one that dominates the profile on this axis. Linked evidence Fubo presents entertainment access as neutral choice while underplaying the institutional power of recommendations, catalogs, ad targeting, subscription design, creator bargaining, and attention capture. [10]

Bonus Credits

No bonus credits applied in this version.

Confidence Basis

Confidence is computed from the evidence trail and review state, not typed into the profile by hand.

Medium 75/100

10 verified linked claims 10 direct axis claims 0 disputed claims 10/16 components covered

This confidence label measures the source-backed evidence trail. AI-scaffolded scores remain tentative until human review.

Claim confidence 13/20

10 verified linked claims

Source quality 18/18

Best source per verified claim, weighted by institutional reliability

Direct axis-specific claims 9/18

10 direct claims across 16 active components

Dispute load 12/12

0 disputed claims on this entity

Recency 10/10

Newest accepted timestamp: May 13, 2026

Reviewer status 7/12

Human-reviewed components score higher than AI scaffolding

Component coverage 6/10

10/16 evidence-bearing components have direct support

Evidence State

Profile stateAI draft / human-pending

VerificationUnverified

ConfidenceMedium confidence (AI)

ThoroughnessDeveloped (AI)

Correction routeUse “Challenge this rating” for factual errors, missing counterevidence, source problems, or calculation mistakes.

Company responseCompany representatives can submit source-backed corrections; payment never changes scores or reviewer authority.

Claims and Sources

Claims are the evidence record. Each claim needs a source link, axis category, status, confidence level, and timestamp before it can support a score.

* Tentative scaffolding score. Not human-checked or final.

1Fubo is controlled by shareholders, private owners, or platform managers rather than by viewers, listeners, artists, creators, subscribers, or affected communities.

Ownership Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

Fubo SEC filingsPrimary institutional record · 90%
Fubo privacy policyOfficial self-description · 68%
Fubo 2025 annual report filing sourcePrimary public record · 100%

2Fubo provides entertainment, streaming, audio, video, discovery, creator, or personal-media services with real cultural value, while still shaping access through accounts, feeds, subscriptions, advertising, or platform rules.

Product Integrity Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

Fubo SEC filingsPrimary institutional record · 90%
Fubo privacy policyOfficial self-description · 68%
Fubo 2025 annual report filing sourcePrimary public record · 100%

3Fubo competes in streaming and attention markets where catalogs, recommendations, bundles, advertising, device placement, app stores, exclusives, and switching costs shape user choice beyond simple product quality.

Market Conduct Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

Fubo SEC filingsPrimary institutional record · 90%
Fubo privacy policyOfficial self-description · 68%
Fubo 2025 annual report filing sourcePrimary public record · 100%

4Fubo carries environmental burden through data centers, network delivery, devices, advertising infrastructure, production, events, and hardware or e-waste where applicable.

Ecological Harm Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

Fubo SEC filingsPrimary institutional record · 90%
Fubo privacy policyOfficial self-description · 68%
Fubo 2025 annual report filing sourcePrimary public record · 100%

5Fubo reaches children, teens, or young adults through entertainment brands, music, creators, sports, animation, recommendations, fandom, or household screens.

Youth Capture Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

Fubo SEC filingsPrimary institutional record · 90%
Fubo privacy policyOfficial self-description · 68%
Fubo 2025 annual report filing sourcePrimary public record · 100%

6Fubo uses recurring subscriptions, bundles, free trials, cancellations, loyalty inertia, catalog exclusives, account libraries, or device/platform dependence that make exit harder than a clean one-time purchase.

Subscription Capture Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

Fubo SEC filingsPrimary institutional record · 90%
Fubo privacy policyOfficial self-description · 68%
Fubo 2025 annual report filing sourcePrimary public record · 100%

7Fubo publishes terms and privacy materials, but ordinary users cannot easily compare tracking, recommendation logic, advertising uses, cancellation effects, creator payouts, bundle pricing, and catalog volatility before subscribing or watching.

Accountability Opacity Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

Fubo SEC filingsPrimary institutional record · 90%
Fubo privacy policyOfficial self-description · 68%
Fubo 2025 annual report filing sourcePrimary public record · 100%

8Fubo turns media consumption into fandom, lifestyle, taste identity, sports allegiance, youth culture, creator attachment, or brand belonging beyond ordinary entertainment choice.

Identity Capture Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

Fubo SEC filingsPrimary institutional record · 90%
Fubo privacy policyOfficial self-description · 68%
Fubo 2025 annual report filing sourcePrimary public record · 100%

9Fubo collects or processes viewing, listening, device, account, advertising, location, interaction, search, demographic, or preference data through streaming, apps, websites, connected TVs, or creator tools.

Surveillance Capture Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

Fubo SEC filingsPrimary institutional record · 90%
Fubo privacy policyOfficial self-description · 68%
Fubo 2025 annual report filing sourcePrimary public record · 100%

10Fubo presents entertainment access as neutral choice while underplaying the institutional power of recommendations, catalogs, ad targeting, subscription design, creator bargaining, and attention capture.

Ideological Disavowal Verified Medium confidence AI-generated / human-pending May 11, 2026

AI scaffold

Fubo SEC filingsPrimary institutional record · 90%
Fubo privacy policyOfficial self-description · 68%
Fubo 2025 annual report filing sourcePrimary public record · 100%

Alternatives

Competitors

AGOOD63 Future Club employee-owned cooperative game studio · same market AGOOD63 KO_OP worker-owned game studio · same market AGOOD63 Motion Twin worker cooperative game studio · same market AGOOD61 Means Interactive cooperative game publisher · same market AGOOD56 Stocksy United artist cooperative platform · same market AGOOD52 itch.io independent game marketplace · same market AGOOD50 The Game Crafter independent tabletop game manufacturing marketplace · same market BQUALIFIED48 ConcernedApe independent game developer and publisher · same market

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